What congenital hereditary condition is characterized by a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?

The condition characterized by a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes is known as albinism. This hereditary condition results in a deficiency of melanin, the pigment responsible for coloring these tissues. Individuals with albinism often exhibit very light skin and hair, often white or very light blonde, and they may have light blue or pink eyes due to the absence of pigment in the irises.

Albinism is noteworthy not only for its aesthetic implications but also for its potential effects on vision and susceptibility to skin damage from UV radiation, making it essential for those affected to take special precautions. The genetic nature of albinism means it can be inherited, and it can manifest in varying degrees depending on the specific genetic mutations involved.

Other options, while they may relate to skin conditions, do not involve the same hereditary pigment issues. For instance, leukoderma refers to a loss of skin pigmentation but is not specifically linked to a hereditary condition or comprehensive lack of pigment across multiple body systems. Eczema is a skin condition related to inflammation and does not involve pigment changes, while cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that similarly lacks any relation to pigmentation.