Which condition involves light abnormal patches caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys pigment-producing cells?

The condition characterized by light abnormal patches on the skin due to a burn or a congenital disease that affects pigment-producing cells is recognized as leukoderma. This condition arises when the melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color), are damaged or destroyed. Consequently, this leads to areas of skin that lack pigment, resulting in lighter patches.

Unlike albinism, which is a genetic disorder causing a complete lack of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes, leukoderma can occur as a result of external factors like burns or certain diseases. Lentigenes, or age spots, are a result of sun exposure and do not involve the loss of pigment-producing cells, while chloasma, often associated with hormonal changes, causes dark patches rather than light ones. Therefore, leukoderma is the most accurate response as it directly correlates with the phenomena described in the question.