Which condition is characterized by nail surface pitting and roughness?

Nail psoriasis is characterized by nail surface pitting and roughness, making it the correct answer to the question. This condition is a manifestation of psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the skin but can also impact the nails. Individuals with nail psoriasis often experience distinct symptoms, including indentations or 'pits' on the nail surface and areas of roughness, both of which are key indicators of the condition.

In addition to pitting and roughness, nail psoriasis can also lead to discoloration, separation of the nail from the nail bed, and changes in nail thickness. Recognizing these signs is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Other conditions listed, such as pincer nails, onycholysis, and onychophagy, do not typically present with pitting and roughness as their main symptoms. Pincer nails refer to a specific shape of the nail that curves inward, onycholysis involves the separation of the nail from the nail bed, and onychophagy describes nail-biting. Each of these conditions has its distinct characteristics that differ significantly from the features of nail psoriasis.