Which term describes increased pigmentation often referred to as liver spots?

The term that describes increased pigmentation often referred to as liver spots is known as chloasma. Chloasma, also commonly called melasma, is characterized by dark patches on the skin that can be associated with hormonal changes, sun exposure, or other factors. These patches typically appear on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to sunlight, such as the face and hands.

While chloasma specifically refers to the increased pigmentation resulting in dark patches, dermatitis is a broad term that refers to inflammation of the skin, which may result in redness, itching, and swelling but not necessarily pigmentation changes. Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that results in thick, red, scaly patches and is related to immune system issues rather than pigmentation. Leukoderma refers to areas of the skin that have lost their pigment, which is the opposite of increased pigmentation. Thus, chloasma is the most appropriate term linked to the description provided in the question.